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=='''Hack 100. Nice Command'''== Kernel decides how much processor time is required for a process based on the nice value. Possible nice value range is: -20 to 20. A process that has a nice value of -20 is very high priority. The process that has a nice value of 20 is very low priority. Use ps axl to display the nice value of all running process as shown below. {| style="border-spacing:0;" | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <nowiki># </nowiki>'''ps axl''' | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| F | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">UID</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">PID</div> | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">PPID PRI</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| NI | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">VSZ</div> | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| RSS WCHAN | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| STAT TTY |- | colspan="3" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| TIME COMMAND | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 4 | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">1</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">16</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">2172</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">552</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| - | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| S | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">?</div> |- | colspan="3" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 0:17 init <nowiki>[5]</nowiki> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 1 | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">3</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">1</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">34</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">19</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| ksofti SN | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">?</div> |- | colspan="4" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 3:18 <nowiki>[ksoftirqd/0]</nowiki> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 1 | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">10</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">1</div> | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">5 -10</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| worker <nowiki>S<</nowiki> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">?</div> |- | colspan="3" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 0:01 <nowiki>[events/0]</nowiki> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 4 | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">5145</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">1</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">25</div> | colspan="4" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 10 32124 18592 - | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| SNs | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">?</div> |- | colspan="4" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 0:08 /usr/bin/python | colspan="7" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">/usr/bin/rhn-applet-gui --sm-client-id</div> |- | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| default4 | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 4 | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">5147</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">5142</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">16</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">3528</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">604</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| - | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| S | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">?</div> |- | colspan="7" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 0:00 /sbin/pam_timestamp_check -d | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| root | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 1 | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">503 17552</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">4180</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">16</div> | colspan="3" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0 14208 3920</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| - | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| S | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">?</div> |- | colspan="8" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 0:01 /home/www/apache2/bin/httpd -f | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | colspan="7" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| /home/www/apache2/conf/httpd.conf | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| -k start | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |} '''How to assign a low priority to a shell-script? (higher nice value)''' In the example below, when I started the nice-test.sh script in the background, it took the nice value of 0. $ ./nice-test.sh & <nowiki>[3] 13009</nowiki> $ ps axl | grep nice-test 0 509 13009 12863 17 0 4652 972 wait S pts/10:00 /bin/bash ./nice-test.sh <nowiki>[</nowiki>'''Note''': 6<sup>th</sup> column with value 0 is the nice.] Now, let us execute the same shell script with a different nice value as shown below. {| style="border-spacing:0;" | colspan="5" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| $ '''nice -10 ./nice-test.sh &''' | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | colspan="0" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <nowiki>[1]</nowiki> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 13016 | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | colspan="0" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | colspan="4" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| $ ps axl | grep nice-test | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| | colspan="0" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 0 | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 509 13016 12863 | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">30</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">10</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">4236</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 968 wait | colspan="0" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| SN |- | colspan="2" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| pts/1 | colspan="5" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 0:00 /bin/bash ./nice-test.sh | colspan="0" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |} <nowiki>[</nowiki>'''Note''': 6<sup>th</sup> column with value 10 is the nice value for the shell-script.] '''How to assign a high priority to a shell-script? (Lower nice value)''' In the following example, let us assign a nice value of -10 (minus 10) to the nice-test.sh shellscript. $ '''nice --10 ./nice-test.sh &''' <nowiki>[1] </nowiki>13021 $ nice: cannot set priority: Permission denied '''Note: '''Only root user can set a negative nice value. Login as root and try the''' '''same. Please note that there is a double dash before the 10 in the nice command below. # '''nice --10 ./nice-test.sh & ''' <nowiki>[1] </nowiki>13060 # ps axl | grep nice-test {| style="border-spacing:0;" | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 4 | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">0 13060 13024</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">10 -10</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <div align="right">5388</div> | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 964 wait | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| <nowiki>S<</nowiki> |- | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| pts/1 | colspan="4" style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| 0:00 /bin/bash ./nice-test.sh | style="border:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.075in;padding-right:0.075in;"| |} <nowiki>[Note: 6</nowiki><sup>th</sup> column with value -10 is the nice value of the shell-script.]
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